knowledge

Service-Learning (SL) aims to improve students’ academic knowledge and perfor­mance, as well as their civic and social com­petencies. This study uses the meta-analy-sis technique to summarise up-to-date re­search findings on SL in scientific papers that used mixed methods research. The findings indicate that SL leads to signifi­cant improvements in students, especially in terms of knowledge acquisition (d=1.07), with a similar effect size for the few stud­ies using a control group (d=0.89), although this effect size is smaller in terms of atti­tude toward service (d=0.45). There are no significant effects when these variables are compared with dependent variables such as programme duration, gender, or sample size. Moreover, there is high heterogeneity in the evaluation methods and measurement instruments used in the articles. Although research on SL is increasing significantly, the methodological quality of most of the studies reviewed is quite low. It can be con­cluded that SL is beneficial to the students involved in the service, however, in order to properly appreciate the different scenar­ios of the findings, more rigorous research designs are required. We would recommend creating uniform research protocols and ex­tending SL using mixed methodology across every discipline, including the arts, and at every level of education.

Please, cite this article as follows: Bonastre, C., Camilli, C., García-Gil, D., & Cuervo, L. (2021). Implicaciones educativas y sociales del Aprendizaje-Servicio con métodos mixtos a través de un meta-análisis | Educational and social implications of Service-Learning using mixed methods: a meta-analysis. Revista Española de Pedagogía, 79 (279), 269-287. https://doi.org/10.22550/REP79-2-2021-05

Taking into account that the pedagogical implications of Ludwig Wittgensteins On Certainty have scarcely been addressed in the existing literature, this paper presents the basic concepts of the mentioned work, especially the concept of certainty, by illustrating how they are implicit in any classroom practice or activity. On this basis, it is subsequently explained, among other things, the role of certainties within pupils prior knowledge, the way of tackling pupils doubts about certainties, the facilitation of the adoption of certainties by using negative knowledge, and the way of assessing such adoption. This is intended to show that the work of the teacher is largely enriched if he becomes aware of the pedagogical relevance of certainties.

The school has been widely acknowledged as the ideal context for intervention and treatment of obesity among children. This relevant rolei.e., exerting a positive influence on overweight children does not only demand PE teachers the traditional ability to increase physical activity and promote healthy lifestyles, but also disposing of specific guidelines that support their practical and theoretical knowledge and unprejudiced attitudes. The former should include elements related to the use of instruments for appropriate evaluation of obesity, verification of diagnoses, prevention of obesity relapse, encouragement of the teaching vocation, application of research- action, demand of collaboration and assistance, and teaching management. In the latter, the teachers attitude must be based on the protection of overweight students: listening to them and giving them free room, favouring their expectations, creating a positive classroom atmosphere, looking for alternative behavioural models, promoting active learning strategies, and using evaluation to motivate students towards learning.