The present study analyses different theroretical conceptualizations of gifted students and their projection on the pedagogical diagnosis, focusing on the specific problems of diagnosis and on the two more widely used instruments: psychometric tests and experts judgement. The second part of this article offers the results of a research on gifted preschool and primary students. These outcomes reveal not only the superiority of this group of students in intelligence, but also in their short and long term achievement, self-concept scores and in the teachers´appreciation. Conclusions will also be offered on the low ceiling effect of the McArthy Scales (MSCA) when it identifies preschool children with high abilities, the relative effectiveness of the set of instruments used, and the suitability of using them as complementary.
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