Using a sample of countries with a similar level of development, this paper analyzes the structure of the Spanish system of education. It shows that its lack of differentiatiion has a negative impact on academic achievement and student retention. It also shows that it affects negatively the demand on vocational education and makes difficult the school to work transition. The stylized description of the schooling system is based on various sources of information. Data used in the analysis of the internal efficiency of the system come from the OECD and retrospective surveys to students in higher and vocational education. The analysis of the external efficiency of the system is based on data published by the OECD. Gérard Lassibille y Mª Lucía Navarro Gómez
Key Words: Schooling system,academic achievement, dropping out, vocational education,school-to-work transition.
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Nº 241, septiembre-diciembre 2008 
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